Artificial Intelligence (AI) is likely to make radicalisation “easier and faster”, while encryption creates safe spaces for violent extremists to network and recruit, the head of Australian security warns.

In an address to the National Press Club, ASIO Director-General of Security Mike Burgess said terrorists and spies are early tech adopters, and the internet is “the world’s most potent incubator of extremism”.

“It’s likely AI will deliver dividends to every part of society, from the economy to healthcare, yet the productivity benefits of AI also extend to those who could use it to threaten Australia’s security,” he said. 

“AI will allow a step change in adversary capability.” 

Smartphones are “an all-in-one surveillance device, listening when you’re not on the phone, tracking your movements and recording your browsing”, and social media is a “convenient way for scammers, criminals and spies to connect with you”.

ASIO is urging tech companies to give it access to encrypted communications in limited cases and says such industry partnerships are vital in protecting critical infrastructure.

“Unaccountable encryption is like building a safe room for terrorists and spies, a secure place where they can plot and plan,” Mr Burgess said.

“I am asking the private sector to step up. I’m calling on big tech to establish lawful access solutions. Encryption damages intelligence coverage in virtually 100% of our priority counterterrorism and counterespionage cases.

“If the threat, evidence, safeguards and oversight are strong enough for us to obtain a warrant, then they should be strong enough for the companies to help us give effect to that warrant. To make encryption accountable.”

Quick and targeted access to communications could be “the difference between life and death”.

“Technology should not be above the rule of law. Encryption, the companies implementing it, and the individuals using it should be responsible and accountable.”

AI is equal parts “hype, opportunity and threat”, Mr Burgess says, but it will increase the amount of espionage, with nation states more motivated to harvest personal data.